#BringBackCycles for Sustainable Mobility in Kolkata

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  • Published in: CASC
  • 12th July, 2021
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The Kolkata Police placed cycling restrictions on around 36 streets in 2008, which were later expanded to 174 routes in 2013. After being subjected to widespread protests, the Kolkata Police reduced the limitations to 62 roads that continue to exists to date, affecting the livelihoods of thousands of people who rely only on cycling for transportation. In this regard, SwitchOn Foundation organized an Expert discussion on 26th June 2021 under its campaign on “BringBackCycles” on Kolkata Roads, where eminent experts were invited and were asked to give their opinion in regards to some of the questions flagged by the organization. 

Do cycles slow down traffic and pose a safety hazard on the roads? 

Pertinent questions such as whether cycles are an unsafe mode of transportation in congested Indian cities or if cycles interfere with the smooth vehicular movement was asked in the expert’s discussion  

Expert names – 

  • A.V Venugopal, Senior Research Associate – Urban Works Institute, ITDP
  • Ranjit Gadgil, Program Director, Parisar
  • Nishant Singh, Research Scholar, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi
  • Sonal Kulkarni, Director of Strategic Partnerships, Marketing, and External Communications, BYCS India
  • Vinuta Gopal, Chief Executive Officer, ASAR Social Impact Pvt. Ltd.

Questions discussed- 

Are cycles an unsafe mode of transportation in congested Indian cities with limited road space?
Do you feel cycles interfere with smooth vehicular movement by being a slow-moving vehicle?
Traffic Police claims cycles don’t follow traffic rules and cause a safety hazard on roads. Do you agree? If yes, how can we make cycling more transport friendly?
What are some of the best policies implemented in other cities/ regions to promote bicycle mobility?
How can we include marginalized voices in public advocacy for bicycle mobility and make it safe and accessible for all?
Why should Indian cities prioritize cycles over motorized transport systems? How do we ensure more people switch to bicycle mobility?
Are cycle lanes on major roads of congested cities impractical when road spaces are occupied by car parking and bus stops?

Do cycles slow down traffic and pose a safety hazard on the roads? 

Pertinent questions such as whether cycles are an unsafe mode of transportation in congested Indian cities or if cycles interfere with the smooth vehicular movement was asked in the expert’s discussion. All the experts were of the opinion that cycling is the most safest mode of transportation and it doesn’t interfere with the movement of other vehicles and it is important to include cycle mobility in an effort to transition to sustainable mobility in fast evolving cities. Cyclists have the right to be on the road. Roads are not just for fast-moving vehicles and where the movement of traffic is critical, separate cycle tracks must be provided. In fact, cities should be built for people and not for vehicles and all policies advocated towards sustainable mobility in our fast growing cities must prioritise bicycle mobility and non-motorised transport as they can potentially help in decongesting and decarbonising the urban traffic fleet. The argument that vehicles are slowed down because of cycles goes to show our priority in cities today. Cities have arterial, sub-arterial, collector, and local streets. All roads below the arterial should have priority for people’s movement. Going against Kolkata Police’s claim that cycles slow down traffic speed by being a slow moving vehicle and by posing a safety hazard on the roads, the discussions unfolded that cycles in fact helps in easing congestion and are never an interference for movement but ensure safer, healthier, and happier cities. Additionally, the average speed of bicycles is usually 10-20 kmph while the average urban traffic speed in most Indian cities is roughly 15-25 kmph. This clearly proves bicycles don’t slow down the traffic. In the congestion of cars, bicyclists can maneuver and move ahead and for small distances making it at par with the speed of motorised vehicles. 

While there are traffic violators in all modes of transport on a street, the safety hazard posed by a cyclist is very less. Cyclists and pedestrians are in fact more vulnerable to accidents due to fast-moving vehicles. In Britain, studies show that though car traffic was down to as little as 22% of pre lockdown levels and an increase in protected lanes and cyclists were witnessed, the level of cyclist casualties was high. More cases of dangerous PMV driving were reported. The rule of law should be followed by mobility options irrespective of motorised or non-motorized. Traffic rules should ensure that cyclists feel safe in cities amongst other mobility options. 

Making bicycle mobility inclusive and the stepping stone of sustainable mobility planning in cities 

However, cycling should be made more inclusive and it is, therefore, necessary to break the stigma around cycling that it is not just a vehicle used for transportation by the marginalized classes. With regards to how to incorporate diverse voices in public advocacy for bicycle mobility, it was uncovered from the discussion that bicycle also provides the cheapest way to travel in the city. Like it reduces the expense of a household on transport and for many poor people, it also provides for a healthier lifestyle replacement to cars as compared to other mobility options as can be seen from the high reliance on bicycles by several IT professionals. Therefore there is a need to make these ‘invisible’ cyclists ‘visible’ to decision-makers. 

There are thousands of people who cycle to work. We need cities to ensure their safety and help them make their concerns heard. Some options that came out of the discussion were, reaching out to informal sector unions (domestic workers, street vendors, etc) and convince them to make bicycle mobility their agenda. Government schools are also an important stakeholder since many children cycle to school. It, therefore, becomes important for the collaborative and concerted efforts to take over bicycle mobility as the center of sustainable transport planning in our cities.

Way Forward

While talking about the different strategies and policies to promote cycling, it was therefore established that cycling into city and transport planning is key to transform our cities and make them more liveable. Along with city-wide cycling infrastructure, policies to reduce vehicle use (with high parking fees), reducing speeds, etc are also imperative. Cities like Pune have made a Cycle Plan and have also set up a Cycle Department. The Mayor of Paris has come up with the “15 minutes” cities and promised 1000kms of bike lanes in Paris. Spain has recently adopted its first-ever national cycling strategy. With a budget of €5 million, the strategy represents a monumental step forward in recognizing the importance of cycling as a fundamental solution for urban mobility.

The discussion with the experts made it very clear that in order to ensure more people resort to cycling, it is imperative to break the stigma around cycling, create safer streets and infrastructure for cyclists and ensure better access to cycles for everyone. Cycling can reduce congestion & pollution, improve people’s health and provide an affordable mode for the poor. It is imperative to make cycling more convenient, comfortable, and safe.

No focus keyword set.

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